The Ilyushin Il-86 is a medium-range wide-body jet airliner. Designed and tested by the Ilyushin design bureau in the 1970s, it was certificated by the Soviet aircraft industry during the 1970s and 1980s, manufactured jointly in the USSR and Poland, and marketed by the USSR. It was the first Soviet wide-body airliner and the world’s second four-engined wide-body.

Only 106 Il-86s were built and only three of those were exported. The type was used overwhelmingly by Aeroflot and, after the collapse of the USSR, by successor post-Soviet airlines. Unusually for a Soviet airliner, the Il-86 saw only limited military service, though an airborne command post version did enter service.